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Categorical Imperative

In the ethics of Immanuel Kant, the supreme unconditional moral law: "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law."

Deontology

The branch of ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those actions. It is often associated with the co...

Duty

A moral or legal obligation; an action that one is required to perform because of one's position or because of a moral law.

Hypothetical Imperative

A command of reason that applies only conditionally: "If you want X, then do Y." It is based on desire or inclination (e.g., "If you want to be healthy, exercise"), unlike the Categorical Imperative w...

Imperative

In ethics, a command or a rule of action. Immanuel Kant distinguished between "Hypothetical Imperatives" (conditional commands, e.g., "If you want X, do Y") and "Categorical Imperatives" (absolute mor...

Kingdom of Ends

A hypothetical state described by Kant where all rational beings are united by common laws. In this kingdom, everyone treats everyone else not merely as a means, but always at the same time as an end...

Maxim

A subjective principle of action; a rule that an individual adopts for themselves (e.g., "I will never lie"). Kant's Categorical Imperative tests maxims to see if they can become universal laws.

Universalizability

A principle in Kantian ethics (the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative) stating that an action is morally right if its underlying maxim can be consistently willed as a universal law.