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Cave, Allegory of the

A famous allegory presented by Plato in the Republic. It depicts prisoners chained in a cave, seeing only shadows of objects cast by a fire. It illustrates the difference between belief based on appea...

Forms (Ideas)

Plato's theory that non-material abstract forms (or ideas), and not the material world of change known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality.

Good, Form of the

In Plato's Republic, the highest Form, which allows all other Forms to be known and gives them their existence, analogous to the Sun in the visible world. It is the ultimate object of knowledge.

Philosopher King

In Plato's Republic, the ideal ruler of the Just City (Kallipolis). Because they possess knowledge of the Forms (especially the Good), they are uniquely qualified to govern for the benefit of the whol...

Platonic Realism

The metaphysical view that universals (Forms) exist independently of the particulars that instantiate them. These Forms inhabit a non-material, eternal realm and are more real than the objects of the...

Republic (Plato)

Plato's masterpiece concerning justice, the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man. It explores themes of the Soul, the Forms, education, and the Philosopher King.